初中英语被动语态5

初中英语被动语态
一、被动语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。如：He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。
二、被动语态的构成被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种，现以动词clean为例列表说明： 2、被动语态的句式变化：以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化： 3、含有情态动词的被动语态　情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，"be+过去分词"部分不变。如：　Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。　Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）　Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）
三、主动语态变为被动语态　转换图示： 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：　（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语：　注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：　 Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom.I hit him.(主) → He was hit by me. (被)　（2）将动词改为"be+过去分词"。　注意： 　They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday.　他们昨天开会了。　（3）将主动句的主语改为by的宾语，放在谓语动词后。　注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。　He sang a song. → A song was sung byhim. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：　 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们*。We were told the truth by Jack. Jack told the truth to us.The truth was told to us by Jack. Tom gave me a pen.(主)I was given a pen by Tom.(被) Tom gave a pen to me. （主）A pen was given to me by Tom.(被) write, make, bring等的被动语态则只能以直接宾语（表物）作主语。You brought me a big cake. (主)A big cake was brought to me by you. (被) She wrote me a letter.(主)A letter was written to me by her.(被)
四．注意事项：1. 主动语态变为被动语态，句子的时态保持不变。I will give him a pen.(主)He will be given a pen by me.(被)我将给他一支笔。 2. 在感官动词或使役动词后作补语的动词，在被动语态中用不定式。1）I heard you talk with Peter. (主)我听到你和彼得谈话。You were heard to talk with Peter. (被)2）I saw her come out of the classroom.(主)我看见她出了教室。She was seen to come out of the classroom by me.(被)3）make/let sb do sth Sb be made/let to do sth 3. 主动语态中如用people, somebody等作主语，被动语态中可省略宾语。People eat watermelons in the summer.(主)Watermelons are eaten in the summer.(被)在夏天吃西瓜。 4. 否定句的被动语态中，not放在第一个助动词后。1) You should not blame me. (主)你不应该责怪我。I should not be blamed by you. (被)2) You should not write this letter.(主)你不应该写这封信。This letter should not be written by you.(被) 5. 疑问句的被动语态中，用BE代替DO。1) Does she drive this car?(主)Is this car driven by her?(被)2) What shall we do next?(主)What will be done by us next?(被) 6. 祈使句的被动语态形式为：let+宾语+be+过去分词。Open the door please.(主)Let the door be opened please.(被) 7. 主动语态中有复合人称代名词时，被动语态的形式为:主动语态的主语+BE+过去分词。Tom hurt himself. (主)Tom was hurt. (被) 8. 下列动词（词组）没有被动式：1）系动词：以主动形式表示被动之意常见的系动词有：① be动词 ② ……起来（7个）：look, sound, smell, taste, feel , seem, appear e.g. She seems/appears happy. It smells terrible. ③ (逐渐)变得/变成：become, grow, get, turn, come, go e.g. His wish has come true. People often went hungry in the old days. The tree is growing tall. ④ 保持：keep, stay e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room.2）happen, take place, break out（爆发）,belong to ,cost, take3）不及物动词sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。　
1、An accident was happened yesterday.（×）昨天发生了一起事故。　 An accident happened yesterday.　2、The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。　3、The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。　4、This book sells well.这本书畅销。5、The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。6、The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。 7、The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上八点钟营业。8、The door won’t close/shut. 这门关不上。 9、The door locks easily. 这门容易锁。 10、This material wears well (won’t wear). 这种材料耐久（不耐久） 六、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）　
1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done）　English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。　Class meeting is held every Thursday.每周四都举行班会。　The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。 　
2．一般过去时(was/ were +done)　The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。　He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。　My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。 　
3．一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)　A speech will be given this afternoon.今天下午有一个演讲。　A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。　I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。 　4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)　The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。　The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。　A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。 　
5．现在完成时(have/ has been + done)　Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。　The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。 　
6．过去完成时(had been+done)　They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。　She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。　He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died.　他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。

基本结构：be +过去分词。要表示由某人做的，加by sb
时态和人称要体现在be动词上面。
比如：那块蛋糕被我吃了。the cake was eaten by me.(过去时）
会议将在两天后召开。the meeting will be held in two days. (将来时） 等等
初学者容易错的是不知道该用被动形式。比如动词填空时，所给词填什么形式，要考虑是否与主语是被动关系。比如：this kind of computer _______(sell) in many countries. 这里电脑和卖的关系是被动，一般现在时，主语为单数，所以填is sold.
被动语态难点很多，一两句说不清，说太多了也不可能马上记住。还是具体题目具体分析吧。

被动语态：相当于汉语中的被字句。
构成：S+be+P.P.+by+执行者
什么时候用被动语态，在不知道谁做的这件事时，或者不重要时，就用被动语态。
纯手写 望采纳 O(∩_∩)O~ 注释：P.P.为动词的过去分词。

be动词+V的过去分词 情态动词后面＋be＋过去分词(pp)
1.should be +pp
2.must be +pp
3.can be +pp
另外have/ has/had
have/has/had +been +pp
还有进行时态
is/are +being +pp
还有过去式的
was+being +pp(过去进行时）
had +been +pp(过去完成时）
was +pp（一般过去时）

几分钟掌握被动语态，快点来学习吧

本文如未解决您的问题请添加抖音号：51dongshi（抖音搜索懂视），直接咨询即可。