英语词汇:表示“给予”“提供”动词的不同表达

offer、afford、render、grant、deny 这五个动词都有“给予”的意思，offer 多指主动“给予”意见、建议或东西，是否接受由对方决定，也可接动词不定式表示“主动提出做某事”。如：I have nothing to offer but blood, toil，tears and sweat. 若提供的是意见或建议，则接双宾语。如：He offered to drive his friends to the airport. offer 还可接动词不定式表示“主动提出做某事”。如：He offerred to buy me a drink. afford 正式用词，多指给予所需的东西或提供机会，如：The hut afforded little protection from wind and rain. render 指有责任或义务给予某人某物或提供他人期望得到的东西，如：We are going to render them economic assistance. grant 多指上一级往下给予的钱物、助学金、专项拨款、特权许可等。如：The council have granted them permission to build on the site. deny 是“不愿给予”、“拒绝给予”的意思，如：He complained that his ex-partner denied him access to his children.

provide、furnish、supply 这三个动词都有“提供”、“供给”的意思，常用结构：provide/furnish/ supply sb. with sth. 或 provide/furnish/supply sth. for sb. 如：We feel sorry that we failed to provide you any useful information about the case. 他们答应给我们一些必要的援助。如果我们从事这项艰巨的任务，他们提供24小时的技术支持。这是一个向低收入人群提供免费法律咨询的组织。

confer 有时也可表示“给予”、“提供”的意思，其结构 confer sth. on/upon sb. 如：Erlich had offered to help them with anything they might shout for, and he had been turned down. Many people offered to donate blood and skin for the badly burnt worker. 这让我们有机会问一些问题，比如系统可能会如何变化。

afford 正式用词，多指给予所需的东西或提供机会。如：We can confidently assert that any business you afford us will be transacted to your satisfaction. 提出请我喝一杯。他表示愿意帮助他们做任何他们想做的事，但他被拒绝了。许多人主动为那个严重烧伤的工人献血、捐皮肤。

render 指有责任或义务给予某人某物或提供他人期望得到的东西。如：We are going to render them economic assistance. grant 多指上一级往下给予的钱物、助学金、专项拨款、特权许可等。如：The council have granted them permission to build on the site. deny 是“不愿给予”、“拒绝给予”的意思，如：He complained that his ex-partner denied him access to his children.

provide 指给人提供必须的或有用的东西。如：The garden provides the family with vegetables all the year round. He was able to provide the police with some valuable information. The search provided the police with several vital clues.

furnish 基本意思“为……配备家具、用品等”，也引申出为……提供某物。用法同 provide。如：The university should furnish more facilities for disabled students. Many university career offices furnish students with resource materials to help them in their searches.

supply 指提供缺乏或不足的东西，以满足需求，含连续不断地供给的意思。用法同 provide、furnish。如：Our farms supply the market with fruits and vegetables. They are hoping to clinch a major deal to supply computers for/to the university. They immediately supplied all necessary daily goods for the people in the afflicted areas.

confer 常用用于表示““授予”、“恩施”，但有时也可表示“给予”、“提供”的意思，其结构： confer sth. 或 confer sth. on/upon sb. 如：If you confer a benefit, never remember it; if you receive one, remember it always. You would confer a great favor upon me by coming with me.

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