by,beside,near,next to的区别?

三个词都是"在旁边，在附近，靠近"的意思：
但是表示远近时候还是有区别的。从近到一般近到最近为到：NEAR > BESIDE> NEXT TO
beside“在…旁边”一般指空间上 Come and sit beside me.
near：“不远的，接近的”指空间或时间上 the near future 不远的将来；
My aunt lives quite near. 我姑姑住得相当近。
next to：与…邻接的，其次的 The shop is next to the school.

I live near the park. 我住在公园附近。
There is a book beside the pen. 钢笔附近有一本书。
The bedroom is next to the bathroom.卧室紧挨着浴室。

by, beside, near和next to
1) by和beside均表示“在……旁边”，常可换用
例：There is a chair by the table. 桌子边上有一把椅子。
She stood by the window. 她站在窗边。
The hotel is beside (/by) the river. 那家饭店在河边。
Come and sit beside (/by) me. 过来，坐在我边上。
Put your shoes beside mine. 把你的鞋子放在我的鞋子旁边。

2) near表示“在……附近”，表示的距离比by和beside稍远些，也时常换用
例：There is a theatre near his home. 他家附近有一家剧院。
Don't play near the road. 不要在马路附近玩。
There is a post office near No. 1 Middle School. 第一中学附近有一所邮局。

3) next to表示“紧靠……的旁边”
例：The new building next to the bookstore is a cinema. 书店旁边的那幢新楼是一家电影院。
There is a café next to the barber's. 理发店隔壁是一家咖啡馆

4) at 是“在...旁边”，beside也是“在...旁边”。但前者位置较随便，后者表示在较近的距离。

by,beside,near和next to 
1) by和beside均表示“在……旁边”,常可换用 
例：There is a chair by the table.桌子边上有一把椅子.
She stood by the window.她站在窗边.
The hotel is beside (/by) the river.那家饭店在河边.
Come and sit beside (/by) me.过来,坐在我边上.
Put your shoes beside mine.把你的鞋子放在我的鞋子旁边.
2) near表示“在……附近”,表示的距离比by和beside稍远些,也时常换用 
例：There is a theatre near his home.他家附近有一家剧院.
Don't play near the road.不要在马路附近玩.
There is a post office near No.1 Middle School.第一中学附近有一所邮局.
3) next to表示“紧靠……的旁边” 
例：The new building next to the bookstore is a cinema.书店旁边的那幢新楼是一家电影院.
There is a café next to the barber's.理发店隔壁是一家咖啡馆
4) at 是“在...旁边”,beside也是“在...旁边”.但前者位置较随便,后者表示在较近的距离. 

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